I continue to study the coins I have in my wallet, and I hadn't even bothered to understand them until now! And today, the chosen one is ARB (Arbitrum).

https://www.tastycrypto.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/arbitrum.png

As everyone knows, the Ethereum blockchain has this small problem of congestion and the need for scalability, which is nothing more than the ability of a network to grow and accommodate more users and transactions without slowing down the entire process. The search for scalability solutions is exactly what stands out most in this modern "gold rush" (or at least one of them). The fact is that transaction fees are usually the bane of networks because they drive away millions of smaller users. This led to Layer 2 solutions, among them Arbitrum. ARB may be essential in supporting future decentralized applications (dApps).


Before writing this article, I wasn't even aware of the so-called "blockchain trilemma," which is the difficulty of simultaneously resolving or improving three fundamental properties:
﻿

- Security: The network's ability to defend itself against attacks.
﻿

- Decentralization: The distribution of power and control
﻿

- Scalability: The ability to process a large volume of transactions quickly and cheaply.


In the case of Ethereum, which prioritized decentralization and security, we have the inevitable flaw of scalability. Validation depending on thousands of global nodes creates a significant bottleneck. When second-layer tokens such as ARB finally emerged, proposing to process transactions outside the main chain and then record them through a "summary" on layer 1, things began to change.
﻿
Through a well-designed technology called Optimistic Rollup, ARB attempts to solve the problem with ingenuity. First, it groups hundreds/thousands of transactions into batches, and then posts these batches to Ethereum. Since verification is not unitary, this makes it much more economical and efficient. Inside, it then goes through a verification period by "vigilant nodes" that look for possible fraud. If an alert is given for possible fraud, that batch undergoes inspection on the Ethereum network. If the case is confirmed, the malicious validator loses their stake, and the verifier who detected the fraud is rewarded. We could say that the model is based on the concept of "innocent until proven guilty," which, in addition to being efficient, is very "beautiful" ethically speaking, as it subliminally encourages users to be ethical. So much so that the vast majority of transactions are in fact legitimate, and the model has proven to be efficient.

Arbitrum was born out of years of academic research. The project was created by Offchain Labs, founded by Ed Felten, Steven Goldfeder, and Harry Kalodner, all leading researchers at Princeton University. From the outset, the plan was to create a second-layer system compatible with the EVM (Ethereum Virtual Machine). This means that any developer involved with dApp can migrate their project to Arbitrum with virtually no code changes. This has brought some DeFi giants (Uniswap, Aave, etc.) to the network and, as a result, more liquidity.

ARB is a very young token (March 2023) and has fully decentralized network control, so that every ARB owner can vote on proposals that affect the future of the ecosystem. And despite its youth, it already envisions a path to Layer 3, Orbit, the next step for Arbitrum that will allow any project to launch its own customizable blockchain, based on ARB One or Nova. Orbit chains will be able to have their own rules while still inheriting Ethereum's security through the parent token (ARB). And that's not all. Arbitrum also has the Stylus proposal, a WASM virtual machine environment that allows developers to use languages such as Rust and C++ to build smart contracts.

https://img.leopedia.io/DQmZ8vSv3Qda1W9SdxMcYAfyQo4ttVnFCTif2kivgqzvBzx/image.png 


Overall, Arbitrum is a powerful ecosystem that has proven to be very strong and important for the future model of blockchains. Perhaps the only threat to its reputation is Zero-Knowledge Rollups models, such as those from the zkSync and Starknet networks. This model uses complex cryptographic proof to validate transactions instantly, eliminating the one-week challenge period proposed by ARB. In short, this means faster withdrawals and greater efficiency. However, this model still has its limitations, such as the fact that it is not currently compatible with EVM.
﻿
At this moment (end of September 2025), ARB is costing: $0.4107 (falling like everything else, but that's part of the game).

Thanks for reading!

**Thômas Blum**


============================================================

*Português*

Sigo estudando as moedas que tenho na minha carteira e nem havia me dedicado a compreende-las até então! E hoje a escolhida é a ARB (Arbitrum).

https://www.tastycrypto.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/arbitrum.png

Como todos sabem a blockchain da Ethereum tem esse pequeno problema de congestionamento e da necessidade pela escalabilidade, que nada mais é do que a capacidade de uma rede de crescer e comportar mais usuários e transações sem que isso lentifique todo o processo. A busca por soluções da escalabilidade é exatamente o que mais se destaca nessa "corrida do ouro" moderna (ou numa delas, ao menos), fato é que as taxas de transação normalmente são a desgraça das redes, porque por consequência afasta milhões de usuários menores. Daí vieram então as soluções de Camada 2, dentre elas, a Arbitrum. ARB pode ser essencial na sustentação das aplicações descentralizadas futuras (dApps).

Antes de escrever esse artigo eu nem conhecia o tal "trilema da blockchain" que é a dificuldade de resolver ou melhorar simultaneamente três propriedades fundamentais:

-  Segurança: A capacidade da rede de se defender contra ataques.

- Descentralização: A distribuição de poder e controle

- Escalabilidade: A capacidade de processar um grande volume de transações de forma rápida e barata.

No caso da Ethereum, que priorizou a descentralização e a segurança, temos a falha inevitável da escalabilidade. A validação dependendo de milhares de nós globais cria um gargalo significativo. Quando enfim tokens de segunda camada como o ARB surgiram propondo processar as transações fora da cadeia princial e depois fazer o registro através de um "resumo" na camada 1, as coisas começaram a mudar.

Através de uma técnologia muito bem pensada, chamada Optimistic Rollup, ARB tenta resolver o problema com engenhosidade. Primeiro agrupando centenas/milhares de transações por lote, e depois posta esse lote no Ethereum, como a verificação não é unitária, torna isso muito mais econômico e eficiente. Lá dentro passa então pelo período verificador dos "nós vigilantes" que buscam por possíveis fraudes, caso um alerta seja dado de possível fraude, daí esse lote passa por inspeção na rede do Ethereum, se o caso for confirmado, o validador malicioso perde sua participação no stake, o verificador que chegou na fraude é recompensado. Poderíamos dizer que o modelo parte do conceito de "inocente até que se prove o contrário", que além de eficiente é muito "bonito" éticamente falando ao incitar de forma subliminar a ética dos usuários. Tanto é que a grande maioria das transações de fato são legítimas e o modelo se provou eficiente.

A Arbitrum nasceu de anos de pesquisa acadêmica. O projeto foi criado pela Offchain Labs, fundada por Ed Felten, Steven Goldfeder e Harry Kalodner, todos pesquisadores de ponta da Universidade de Princeton. Desde o começo o plano era criar um sistema de segunda camada compatível com o EVM (Ethereum Virtual Machine). Isso significa que qualquer desenvolvedor envolvido com dApp pode migrar seu projeto para a Arbitrum sem praticamente nenhuma alteração no código. O que trouxe algumas gigantes do DeFi (Uniswap, Aave, etc) para a rede e por consequência, mais liquidez.

ARB é um token muito jovem (março de 2023) e tem seu controle de rede totalmente descentralizado, de forma que todo proprietário de ARB pode votar em propostas que afetam o futuro do ecossitema. E apesar de jovem, já vislumbra um rumo para a Camada 3, Orbit, o próximo passo da Arbitrum permitirá que qualquer projeto lance sua própria blockchain customizavel, assentada sobre a ARB One ou a Nova. As "orbit chains" poderão ter suas próprias regras porém ainda herdando a segurança da Ethereum através do token mãe (ARB). E isso não é tudo, Arbitrum ainda tem a proposta do Stylus, um ambiente de máquina virtual WASM para que desenvolvedores possam utilizar linguagems como Rust e C++ na construção de contratos inteligentes.

https://img.leopedia.io/DQmZ8vSv3Qda1W9SdxMcYAfyQo4ttVnFCTif2kivgqzvBzx/image.png 

De fora geral Arbitrum é um ecossistema poderoso e que vem se mostrando muito forte e importante para o modelo futuro das blockchains. Talvez a única ameaçã a sua reputação seja os modelos Zero-Knowledge Rollups, como os das redes zkSync e Starknet. Um modelo que usa prova criptográfica complexa pra validar transações instantaneamente, eliminando esse período de desafio de uma semana que o ARB propõe. Que em resumo significa saques mais rápidos e mais eficência. Porém tal modelo ainda tem seus limitadores, como o fato de não ser tão compatível com a EVM nesse momento.

Nesse momento (fim de Setembro de 2025), ARB está custando: $0.4107 (caindo como tudo mais, mas faz parte da brincadeira). 

Obrigado pela leitura!

**Thômas Blum**


Posted Using [INLEO](https://inleo.io/@thomashnblum/arbitrum-a-robust-ecosystem-arbitrum-um-ecossistema-slido-avg)

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Arbitrum! A robust ecosystem. // Arbitrum! Um ecossistema sólido.

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Arbitrum! A robust ecosystem. // Arbitrum! Um ecossistema sólido.

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